CMS

McCauley DE & Olson MS 2008 Do recent findings in plant mitochondrial molecular and population genetics have implications for the study of gynodioecy and cytonuclear conflict? Evolution 62:1013-1025.

• evidence suggests that nonmaternal inheritance of mitochondria may be more common than once believed

• evidence for paternal leakage in Silene is particularly interesting because of the occurrence of gynodioecy in this genus

• if paternal leakage of the mitochondrial genome is more common than once thought, both in gynodioecious species and in other angiosperms, then this raises other issues within the realm of genomic conflict
• it is thought that the evolution of uniparental inheritance of mitochondrial genomes has evolved as a protection against selfish mtDNA, in that it limits opportunities for within-individual selection by reducing the within-individual genetic diversity (heteroplasmy) needed for selection to operate, and also limits the opportunity for selfish mitochondrial DNA to spread between individuals
• in that sense uniparental organellar inheritance is typically in the evolutionary interest of the nuclear genome, even if not in the interest of the mitochondrial genome
• on the other hand, Burt and Trivers (2006) also point out that once a CMS genotype enters a population there is selection on the nuclear genome to permit mitochondrial leakage, because a pollen producing hermaphrodite is less likely to include CMS in its mitochondrial genome, and leakage would lower the fitness advantage of CMS
• under this logic, it would not be surprising to find paternal leakage of mtDNA in other gynodioecious systems