Kirkpatrick M & Peischl S 2013 Evolutionary rescue by beneficial mutations in space and time. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 368:20120082. φt(x) = ∑k = 0∞fk,txk ... (2.1) Pt = 1 − φ0(φ1(. . . φt − 1(0))) ... (2.2) assume that changes in the envir…